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The Decade Of

1970s

Decade Introduction

1970 - 1979

The 1970s started with a major drop in the participants list -only 12 delegations decided to take part in 1970 due to the "voting scandal" from the previous year which led to four winners. A new rule was devised; if two or more songs gained the same number of points, each song had to be performed once more and all the other juries had to select their favourite song. If entries still were to tie, both of them would share the first position.

More and more countries all over the world decided to broadcast the Eurovision Song Contest, including Brazil, Chile, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Dubai and Thailand.

  • The Decade in review

    Meanwhile in the 1970s

  • Turmoil in pop culture

    The decade start with a shock as the immensely popular band The Beatles break up. In 1977, pop music legend Elvis Presley is found dead, despite people claiming that he’s alive up to this very day.

  • The rise of TV

    On television, people watch the first episodes of Dr. Who (1963), Star Trek (1966), the first edition of the Super Bowl (1967) and Sesame Street (1969).

  • Broadcast expansion

    The EBU expands its activities with the Jeux Sans Frontieres, which would air from 1965 to 1999. In 1967, the BBC starts broadcasting in colour, soon to be followed by more European nations.

  • The birth of Microsoft

    Some journeys end, others start, as in 1975 Bill Gates and Paul Allen start a small software company called MicroSoft in a garage (today: Microsoft).

  • Women in picture

    In 1979, Mother Teresa is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the UK elects its first female prime minister, Margaret – the Iron Lady – Thatcher.

  • The walkman

    And for whoever likes a replay, 1971 brought us the video recorder and in 1979, Sony unveiled the Walkman to the world.

1970

Host City

Amsterdam

Where to go? There were plenty of host countries to choose from following the four-winner tie.

The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France and Spain - in the preceding year. The host country was decided by a toss of a coin between the Dutch and French broadcasters.

For the second year in a row, the number of participants went down. Finland, Norway, Sweden and Portugal were very dissatisfied about result of the 1969 contest when 4 countries were declared as winners and withdrew from the contest.

More

Photo Gallery

The highlights

Begin

  • Many well-known artists competed in 1970. Among them, Mary Hopkin for the UK and David Alexandre Winter for Luxembourg.

  • Dana from Ireland receives her prize.

    Participants

    Winners

    Ireland is the country that has won the contest on the most occasions. Seven in total, starting in 1970 with Dana's All Kinds Of Everything and getting its seventh trophy in 1996 with Eimear Quinn's The Voice. They won three times in a row in 1992-1994 and a record fourth time in five years in 1996. That's not their only record, though, Johnny Logan won twice as a performer - in 1980 and 1987- and a third time as a composer in 1992.

  • Julio Iglesias on stage.

    Eurovision Stars

    Julio Iglesias

    Despite having sold more than 120 million records, Spain's singing sensation Julio Iglesias didn't start his career as a singer: he was a goalkeeper for Real Madrid's reserve team until a car accident led him to abandon his football life and discover his musical talent. Soon after he represented Spain at the 1970 Eurovision Song Contest with the song Gwendolyne launching an international career which lasts to date and seems to be continued by his son Enrique Iglesias.

  • The audience, scrutineer desk and scoreboard.

    The Winners

    Voting System

    To avoid a confusing incident like in 1969, a tie rule had been created. The rule stated that if two or more songs gained the same number of points, each song had to be performed once more. After these re-performances, the jury had to select their favourite song (except for the juries of the concerned countries). This had to be done by a show of hands. If entries were still tied, both of them would share the first position.

  • The 1970 scoreboard.

Fun facts

  1. No.1
  2. No.2
  3. No.3

  • Brazil, the Soviet Union, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Chile broadcast the contest live by satellite.

  • Only 12 delegations came to the Dutch capital due to what was referred to as "the voting scandal" in the year before.

  • The contest also featured an appearance of the then-unknown Julio Iglesias, singing for Spain.

scoreboard

1970 results

Ireland

points

play on youtube

Stories worth telling

About the winner

Ireland had its first - of many - victories in the history of the Song Contest with Dana's All Kinds Of Everything.

The teenager from Derry went on to score a major international hit with her Euro-song. Dana went on to become a big name in Irish politics in the decades to come. She even ran for the president of Ireland, unsuccessfully, though.

More

1971

Host City

Dublin

For the first time in the history of the contest, Ireland hosted the event at the Gaiety Theatre in Dublin.

Compared to 1970, the number of participants rose again to 18 as Austria, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Portugal all re-entered after a year of absence. Malta had its debut, so altogether 18 countries were present and the contest was broadcast in 29 countries.

More

  • Clodagh Rodgers

    "Jack In The Box"

Photo Gallery

The highlights

Begin

  • Severing from Monaco.

  • Voting during the 1971 contest.

    The Winners

    Voting System

    In this year's Eurovision Song Contest, a new voting system was created: two jury members - one of them had to be younger than 25 - had to award between 1 and 5 points to each song. This created some problems because some juries gave fewer points than others. For example, Luxembourg awarded 43 points altogether compared to France's 107! This system meant that jury members could vote tactically, awarding few points and hoping to gain many.

  • The scoreboard of 1971.

  • Severine sings.

Fun facts

  1. No.1
  2. No.2
  3. No.3

  • The first appearance of Malta was unsuccessful - their participant Joe Grech ended up in last place.

  • Norwegian singer Hanne Krogh would return as half of the winning duo Bobbysocks in 1985. But in 1971, she ended 17th.

  • As of 1971 groups of up to six persons were allowed to perform at Eurovision Song Contests.

scoreboard

1971 results

Monaco

points

play on youtube

Stories worth telling

Monaco Wins

The small principality of Monaco won for the first time with the song Un Banc, Un Abre, Une Rue by French-born Séverine, who went on to have a successful career in Germany.

More

1972

Host City

Edinburgh

Despite the victory of Monaco the previous year, the 1972 Eurovision Song Contest took place in Edinburgh.

The reason that the contest did not take place in Monaco was because the small Mediterranean nation could not provide a decent venue. However, it was later rumoured that the real reason was that Monaco was not in a financial position to host the contest. The BBC took over and chose a venue outside of London for the first time. The honour of hosting the Eurovision Song Contest went to the Scottish capital Edinburgh.

The contest resulted in two big hits all over the continent: Après Toi by winner Vicky Leandros and Beg, Steal Or Borrow by The New Seekers who ended up in the second place.

More

  • The New Seekers

    "Beg, Steal Or Borrow"

Photo Gallery

The highlights

Begin

  • Building the stage in 1972.

    Profile

    Participants

    The Irish entry Ceol An Ghrá by Sandie Jones was sung in the Irish language and until now, it remains the only song ever to be sung in Irish in the Eurovision Song Contest.

  • Signs on the street.

  • Producing and rehearsing.

  • Bill Cotton, the executive producer of 1972.

  • The New Seekers on stage, they came 2nd.

    The Winner

    Winning Song

    The writer of the winning song, Yves Desca, also wrote the winning song of 1971 by Séverine. It was the first time in the history of the Song Contest that the same song writer won twice in a row and for two different countries.

  • Moira Shearer, the presenter of this year's contest.

  • Terry Hughes Director.

Fun facts

  1. No.1
  2. No.2
  3. No.3

  • The contest was broadcast live in Asia for the first time to Japan, Taiwan, The Philippines, Hong Kong and Thailand.

  • It also was the first year that a video wall was used to present song titles and artists.

  • Malta took part in the contest for the second time and came last again with Helen & Joseph's L' imhabba.

scoreboard

1972 results

Luxembourg

points

play on youtube

Stories worth telling

About the Winner

Luxembourg won the song contest for the third time with Vicky Leandros.

Greek-born singer Vicky Leandros took part in the contest for the second time and won for Luxembourg rumoured to be thanks to a well-planned PR campaign.

This time she also used her surname, something she had avoided the first time when she participated just as "Vicky" in 1967. The winning song Après Toi sold millions of copies, and Vicky Leandros appeared in TV-shows all over Europe. She would try to enter the Eurovision Song Contest again in 2006, but only came 3rd in the German national final for the contest.

More

1973

Host City

Luxembourg

Israel joins the family and Luxembourg hosts the Eurovision Song Contest for the 3rd time in history.

For the third time in the 18-year-old history of the Eurovision Song Contest, Luxembourg had the honour of hosting the event with 17 nations being present.

After ending up last two years in a row, Malta decided to withdraw from the contest. Austria decided not to participate either. Instead, a new country joined the song contest, Israel. It was the first non-European country to enter. Israel was allowed to do so because the country was already a member of the European Broadcasting Union. With the Israelis participating, the security control was unusually tight and there were special security measures for their delegation.

More

  • Anne-Marie David

    "Tu Te Reconnaitras"

Photo Gallery

The highlights

Begin

  • Cliff Richard.

    Profile

    Participants

    The big favourite to win was yet again Cliff Richard representing the United Kingdom, but the country that managed to get the highest number of points was the host nation. The superstar sang for the United Kingdom for the second time and came in third, one place worse than in 1968 and his last try ever on the Eurovision Song Contest stage.

  • Cliff Richard at the Eurovision stage. This image was taken at his 1968 appearance.

    Rules

    Song Language

    Another important rule change for the 1973 Eurovision Song Contest was that the participants could choose the language in which they wanted to sing their songs. This rule remained valid till 1976, and has been put in effect from 1999 onwards again.

Fun facts

  1. No.1
  2. No.2

  • Sweden's Monique Dominique became the first woman to conduct the orchestra.

  • Nurit Hirsch, the female conductor for Israel, followed her a few minutes later.

scoreboard

1973 results

Luxembourg

points

play on youtube

Stories worth telling

Rumours and fame

The event was marked by a scandal: the Spanish entry Eres Tu by Mocedades was accused of plagiarism.

It was suggested by critics that the song was merely a copy of the Yugoslav entry of 1966. The Spanish entry was not sanctioned though and became a huge hit internationally - it even outsold the winner Tu Te Reconnaitras by Anne-Marie David which marked the fourth victory for the Grand Duchy and the second one in a row after Vicky Leandros won the preceding year. Anne-Marie David tried her luck again in 1979 when she competed for France and came third. She is one of the few artists who ended up in the top-3 with all appearances.

More

1974

Host City

Brighton

Twice in three years, the UK hosted the Eurovision Song Contest without having won the previous edition.

Due to the fact that the Luxembourg broadcaster RTL did not wish to host the song contest again, this year, the contest was held at The Dome, in the seaside resort of Brighton.

The voting system changed once more: 10 jury members in every country each awarded one point to their favourite song. For the first time, a draw of lots was used to decide the order in which countries would give the results. However, from 1975 onwards, a new voting system would be implemented which basically is still in use today.

More

  • ABBA

    "Waterloo"

Photo Gallery

The highlights

Begin

  • ABBA.

    Eurovison Stars

    Abba

    ABBA had actually tried to enter the 1973 Eurovision Song Contest already with the song Ring Ring, which later became a hit for them in many European countries - but they only reached the third place in the Swedish national selection. For their 1974 entry, the group hesitated a while before choosing Waterloo as they thought their other option Hasta Mañana would also be a suitable song for the contest. However, Hasta Mañana was basically sung by only one of the girls, Agnetha Fältskog, but ABBA wanted a song where all four members could give their vocals to.

  • ABBA.

  • ABBA.

  • ABBA.

  • ABBA.

  • The scoreboard in 1974, still empty at this very moment.

    Participants

    Missing

    France was to enter the song contest with the entry La Vie A Vingt-cinq Ans by Dani, but the French singer never got the chance to perform. France withdrew the contest following the death of French president Georges Pompidou the same week the event was due to start.

  • Katie Boyle is presenting once again in 1974.

  • Olivia Newton John participated in this years contest.

  • Olivia Newton John is counting votes on the floor.

  • ABBA.

  • Olivia Newton John.

  • Gigliola Cinquetti participated again this year, but this time she only came 2nd after ABBA.

Fun facts

  1. No.1
  2. No.2
  3. No.3
  4. No.4

  • Some years before she starred in the movie Grease, pop singer Olivia Newton-John represented the United Kingdom.

  • Olivia Newton-John actually wanted to sing a different song, but Long Live Love was chosen by a public postal vote.

  • 1974 saw the first participation of Greece who sent their national star Marinella.

  • ABBA took their collective name from the initials of their four members, Agnetha, Björn, Benny and Anni-Frid (Frida).

scoreboard

1974 results

Sweden

points

play on youtube

Stories worth telling

About the Winner

Sweden won the song contest for the first time with the entry Waterloo, performed by the now-pop-legends ABBA.

The song became a huge international hit and was the starting point of the outstanding career of the Swedish four. Over 30 years after it won, Waterloo was even voted the best Eurovision Song Contest song ever at the 50-year anniversary show Congratulations, in Copenhagen in the autumn of 2005.

More

1975

Host City

Stockholm

Sweden and its capital Stockholm were the stage for the 1975 Eurovision Song Contest.

Yet again, another voting system was implemented which is still in use today. Juries in every country would give 1 - 12 points to their 10 favourite songs, starting with 12 points to their top favourite, then 10 to the second favourite, 8 to their third favourite, 7 to their fourth favourite and ending with 1 point for their tenth favourite. The votes were cast in the order the songs were performed.

More

  • Teach In

    "Ding A Dong"

Photo Gallery

The highlights

Begin

  • Teach In singing Ding A Dong.

    Profile

    Participants

    Ellen Nikolaysen from Norway performed for the third consecutive year on the Eurovision Song Contest stage which was only preceded in the 1950s by Lys Assia and Corry Brokken and in the 1960s by Udo Jürgens, but was never repeated afterwards.

    Portugal's entry was a highly political one as the singer Duarte Mendes dedicated his song to the country's peaceful revolution the previous year.

Fun facts

  1. No.1
  2. No.2
  3. No.3

  • Karin Falck, charmingly presented the show but got confused during the voting, when she exclaimed "How much is 7 in French?".

  • A record of 19 participating countries took part in the 1975 Eurovision Song Contest.

  • After its debut the preceding year, Greece withdrew again. Turkey sent its first entry and France and Malta returned.

scoreboard

1975 results

The Netherlands

points

play on youtube

Stories worth telling

Ding-A-Dong

The first entry of the night was performed by the Netherlands.

The Dutch performers gave a magnificent performance and ended up with the trophy singing Ding-A-Dong. It was the fourth time that the Netherlands won the event.

1975 saw a disappointing result for the German entry Ein Lied Kann Eine Brücke Sein, which was performed by Joy Fleming. The song ended up 17th with just 15 points altogether, but is nowadays seen as a highlight in Eurovision Song Contest history.

More

1976

Host City

The Hague

After hosting the 1975 Eurovision Song Contest, Sweden withdrew because Swedish TV thought the contest had become too commercial.

They were also afraid of winning again and having to host the expensive show again. Turkey and Malta withdrew as well, but Greece and Austria returned, so 18 countries participated in the 1976 song contest.

Most of the countries decided to sing in English hoping that they might get a better placing. The Yugoslav entry was sung by Ambassadori and it marked the last Yugoslav entry for 5 years - the country would only come back in 1981.

More

  • Book Of Records

    Most claps

  • Brotherhood of Man

    "Save Your Kisses
    For Me"

Photo Gallery

The highlights

Begin

  • The stage, the crowd an orchestra in 1976.

  • Brotherhood of man wins this contest.

  • Peter Sue and Marc, representing Switzerland.

    Rules

    The Orchestra

    The orchestra rules changed this year. For the first time, instrumental playback was allowed if certain passages in the music could not be reproduced by the live orchestra.

  • Brotherhood of man wins this contest.

  • Former Dutch Eurovision Song Contest winner Corry Brokken was the host of this year's contest.

  • Brotherhood of man wins this contest.

  • Set design of the 1976 Eurovision Song Contest.

    Eurovision

    Book of Records

    Who has had the most claps in the history of the Eurovision Song Contest? There has been the stressful clapping, the hyperactive one, the happy and the hands-that-don't-clap clapping. But the record for most clpas goes to Austria in 1976 (157 claps).

  • The stage in overview.

Fun facts

  1. No.1
  2. No.2
  3. No.3

  • Italy sent the daughter of the US actor Tyrone Power to the contest, Romina Power who sang with her husband, Al Bano.

  • Luxembourg looked abroad to find its entry, Jürgen Marcus from Germany beat Marianne Rosenberg in the national final.

  • Marianne Rosenberg then went on to have a big hit with her unsuccessful Eurovision Song Contest song.

scoreboard

1976 results

United Kingdom

points

play on youtube

Stories worth telling

Saving kisses

The United Kingdom succeeded in winning after performing first on stage - just as the Netherlands had done in the preceding year.

The British winner Save Your Kisses For Me became a record-breaking hit - the single sold six million copies which makes it one of the best-selling Eurovision Song Contest winners ever.

More

1977

Host City

London

This year's Eurovision Song Contest took place at the Wembley Conference Centre in London.

The event was postponed for five weeks because of a technicians strike. The song contest was supposed to take place on the 2nd of April, but wasn’t staged until the 7th of May.

The rule of performing in one's national language was brought back to the song contest However, Germany and Belgium were allowed to perform in English due to a misunderstanding in the language rules, thinking it was just a recommendation and not actually compulsory.

More

  • Marie Myriam

    "L'Oiseau Et L'Enfant"

Photo Gallery

The highlights

Begin

  • Lynsey de paul and Mike moran, United-kingdom.

    Eurovison Stars

    Silver Convention

    The German group Silver Convention had been hugely popular all over the world in the mid 70s with songs like Fly Robin Fly and Get Up And Boogie. Even if there were high hopes that their 1977 entry Telegram would mark the first victory for Germany, the song only ended up in 8th position

  • 1977 scoreboard.

    Eurovision

    Technical issues

    The 1977 Eurovision Song Contest came very close to cancellation at one point, due to a strike by BBC cameramen. The pay dispute was over a demand for an extra £3.00 (3.80 Euros) per week! There were considerations to stage the contest at a later date in another country, or even cancelling it altogether. However after the cameramen resolved the dispute through a tribunal, the contest took place just five weeks later than its original planned transmission date.

    In 1958 it wasn’t the entire contest that went unseen, but technical issues did affect one song; the opening number from Italy, Volare, which wasn’t seen in some parts of Europe. As a consequence the singer, Domenico Modugno had to perform the song again after the final song.

    His wasn’t the only opening song that suffered a fault. In 1990, the Spanish duo Azucar Moreno had to restart their performance of Bandido, after the sound circuit for the pre-recorded track wasn’t opened by the director, and no one in the hall could hear anything, including the conductor, who was unable to bring the orchestra in at the correct time.

    Ten years earlier, singer Tomas Ledin for Sweden had luckily avoided having to sing again with his entry, Just Nu, when the cable from his microphone fell off mid performance. Fortunately this occurred during an instrumental break, and Ledin calmly picked up the cable and replugged it into its socket, and hundreds of millions of viewers were unaware that anything untoward had happened.

  • French Winner Marie Myriam.

  • Schmetterlinge from Austria.

Fun facts

  1. No.1
  2. No.2
  3. No.3

  • Austria gave an innovative performance with the artists wearing masks on the back of their heads.

  • Anita Skorgan tried several more times to represent her home country, but always lost out in the Norwegian national heats.

  • Anita Skorgan sang her first entry Casanova for Norway this year. She would return in 1979.

scoreboard

1977 results

France

points

play on youtube

Stories worth telling

Vive la France!

France won its fifth victory - and last to date - with the song L'Oiseau Et L'Enfant performed by Marie Myriam.

France's victory was a record in Eurovision Song Contest history. The record was equalled by Luxembourg in 1983, and beaten by Ireland in 1994. The United Kingdom entry Rock Bottom by Lynsey de Paul and Mike Moran came second making it the 11th consecutive time that a British entry came top 4.

18 countries took part this year. Sweden returned, and Yugoslavia withdrew from the contest. Tunisia was supposed to take part as well, but the country withdrew its entry

More

1978

Host City

Paris

Ah Paris! For the third time in Eurovision Song Contest history, the event was held in France.

After hosting previous contests in Cannes, French Television decided to host it in Paris. A record 20 countries participated this year when Denmark returned to the contest after 11 years of absence. Turkey also participated.

Big European stars participated this year, despite all achieving moderate success. Italy's Ricchi & Poveri, ending up 12th, went on to have a major success in Europe as part of the later wave of Italo-Pop. The popular singer for Germany, Ireen Sheer, took part for the second time and came 6th beating Spain's disco queens Baccara who sang Luxembourg into 7th position.

More

  • Izhar Cohen & the Alphabeta

    "A-Ba-Ni-Bi"

Photo Gallery

The highlights

Begin

  • The winner from Israel.

Fun facts

  1. No.1
  2. No.2
  3. No.3

  • It was the first time contest was broadcast live in Dubai.

  • For the first time, the show was presented by two people, Denise Fabre and Léon Zitrone.

  • Norway did not get a single vote, which was unique for the new voting system, but that would happen again several times.

scoreboard

1978 results

Israel

points

play on youtube

1979

Host City

Jerusalem

Outside of Europe, the Israeli capital, Jerusalem, was this year's host city that welcomed 19 different delegations.

Turkey withdrew from the contest because it took place in Israel and many Arab countries put pressure on Turkey not to go to Jerusalem.

Lots of the artists were familiar - they had returned to the contest like Peter, Sue & Marc from Switzerland, Anne-Marie David, the 1973 winner for Luxembourg, now singing for France, and Anita Skorgan for Norway.

The German entry, performed by band Dschinghis Khan went on to become a hit in several European countries, despite being heavily criticised in Germany itself.

More

  • Dschinghis Khan

    "Dschinghis Khan"

Photo Gallery

The highlights

Begin

  • The winner showing their prize.

    Participants

    Peter, Sue & Marc

    The Swiss contestants Peter, Sue & Marc had difficulties getting into the country and had to explain to customs exactly why they needed so many watering cans, hoses, bin bags and bottle openers which were needed for their refreshing performance on the Jerusalem stage.

Fun facts

  1. No.1
  2. No.2
  3. No.3

  • The Belgian singer Micha Marah was very unhappy with her song Hey Nana as this was selected against her will.

  • Micha Marah refused to record the song and it remains one of the few songs in Eurovision Song Contest with no studio-version.

  • Monaco decided to withdraw after they finished in 16th place. The country would return 25 years later, in 2004.

scoreboard

1979 results

Israel

points

play on youtube

Stories worth telling

Israel again

A very peculiar situation happened in the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest in Jerusalem.

When the last country still had to announce their points, Spain was in the lead with 116 points beating Israel by just one point. The last country voting was Spain itself; they awarded Israel 10 points, giving them a home victory with great celebrations in the audience.

More

Next Decade

1980s

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Eurovision

Credits

Project & Content Manager

Marieke Duijts

Editorial contributions

Victor Escudero
Olena Omelyanchuk
Gordon Roxburgh
Jarmo Siim

Concept

Scrn

Technical supervision

Wouter van Vliet

Digital Production

Elespacio - Lucas Onofre

Art Direction & Design

Elespacio - Brijan Powell
Elespacio - Samuel Hoh
Elespacio - Pavel Proshin

Development

Elespacio - Jacek Zakowicz
Elespacio - Cristina Franco
Elespacio - Jonathan Icicson

Photo & video credits

Getty Images
Beeld & Geluid (Dutch Institute for Sound and Vision)
BBC Photo Library
ORF/Thomas Ramstorfer
EBU
Stijn Smulders
Jan Demulder
Wim Dehandschutter
Femke de Laat
Andres Putting
Thomas Hanses
Dennis Stachel
Sander Hesterman
Elke Roels
Marieke Duijts
Indrek Galetin
Alain Douit
Kenneth Thorén (SVT)
SurFeRGiRL30
James Morley
Anthony Kelly
Sam Shaw
Peter Mackey
Philippe Schlesser
Polfoto - Jacob Maarbjerg
Jacinta lluch Valero
Gage Skidmore
Gustavo Devito
Robert Scoble
R Barraez D´Lucca
Asim Bijarani
Chris - RMS Olympic Broadside View Post-Titanic
Kamil Porembiński - RBMK-1000, Chernobyl
Dan Queiroz
François Péladeau / Vancityhotshots
NASA image acquired April 16, 2010
Julian Burgess
Alex Hill
Bryan Dorrough
South African Tourism
Maxwell Hamilton
Paisley Scotland
Alf Melin
Ross Fowler
Cliff
Yukiko Matsuoka
Irish Typepad
hobvias sudoneighm

Special thanks to

Samuel Andersson (SVT)
Stephanie Caflisch (EBU)
Jeroen Depraetere
Maartje Jansma (Beeld & Geluid)
Gijs Kimenai (Beeld & Geluid)
Maiken Maimets (OGAE)
Helen Ridell (BBC)
Sarah Sadek (EBU)
Jon Ola Sand (EBU)
Dave Goodman (EBU)
David A Allan

A special thanks to all Heads of Delegations, members of the Reference Group, EBU Member Broadcaster representatives and fans who have contributed to this project.

Project Supervisor

Sietse Bakker


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With thanks

Eurovision Song Contest, Scrn, Elespacio